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Thymus Disorders |
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Several different types of tumour occur in the
thymus, usually presenting as
an anterior mediastinal mass. These may be detected on chest radiograph as an
incidental
finding, or may produce disease by compression of adjacent structures.
Occasionally attention
is drawn to the thymus because of an autoimmune disease such a myasthenia
gravis.
The main tumours of the thymus are:
• Lymphomas,particularly T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's
disease, and sclerosing B-
cell lymphoma.
• Germ-cell tumours (teratoma and seminoma) account for about 20% of mediastinal
tumours. They
display a similar histological spectrum to that seen in the testis.
• Neuroendocrine tumours are composed of neuroendocrine cells and resemble those
seen
elsewhere. Clinically they may be associated with Cushing's syndrome.
• Thymomas are derived from thymic epithelial cells (spindle-cell or round-cell
types) with an infiltrate of
reactive lymphoid cells. They may be associated with myasthenia gravis, red cell
aplasia, and non-organ-
specific autoimmune diseases. Although 80% of thymomas are benign, 20% of these
lesions
behave as low-grade malignant tumours, infiltrating local structures with
metastatic spread in about 10% of
cases. |
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We give here simplified and accurate information about the disease
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